The renaming of cities in India started in 1947 following the end of the British imperial period. Several changes were controversial, and not all proposed changes were implemented. Each had to be approved by the central government in New Delhi.
The renaming of states and territories in India has also taken place, but until recently with actual substantial name changes in both local language and in English such as the old British state name of Travancore-Cochin to Kerala (1956). The most notable recent exceptions are Indian English spelling-changes of Orissa to Odisha (March 2011) and the Union Territory of Pondicherry (which includes the City of Pondicherry) to Puducherry.
Video Renaming of cities in India
Renaming in local languages
In the post-colonial era, several Indian states' names were changed. Some of these changes coincided with the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories that organised them along linguistic lines. At this time, for example, Travancore-Cochin was renamed Kerala. Later state name changes include the reorganisation of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh in 1959; and the renamings of the Madras State to Tamil Nadu in 1969, of the Mysore State to Karnataka in 1973, and of Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand in 2007.
Name changes have varied with respect to the levels of language at which they have been applied, and also accepted. Some of these local name changes were changes made in all languages: the immediate local name, and also all India's other languages. An example of this is the renaming of predominantly Hindi-speaking Uttaranchal (Hindi: ??????????) to a new local Hindi name (Hindi: ?????????? Uttarakhand). Other changes were only changes in some of the indigenous languages. For example, the renaming of the Madras Presidency to Madras State in 1947 and then Tamil Nadu in 1969 required non-Tamil speakers to change from an approximation of the British name (Tamil: ?????? ??????? Madras Presidency, then Madras State Tamil: ?????? ???????) to a native Tamil name (Tamil: ????????? Tamil Nadu, "Tamil land").
In general, changes to the local names of cities in the indigenous languages are less common. However, a change in English may sometimes also be a reflection of changes in other Indian languages other than the specific local one. For example, the change of Madras (Tamil: ?????? Madras) to Chennai (Tamil: ?????? Chennai) was reflected in many of India's languages, and incidentally in English, while the Tamil endonym had always been Chennai and remained unaffected by the change.
Maps Renaming of cities in India
Renaming in English
Change in official English spelling
The renaming of cities is often specifically from English to Indian English in connection with that dialect's internal reforms. In other words, the city itself is not actually renamed in the local language, and the local name (or endonym) in the indigenous languages of India does not change, but the official spelling in Indian English is amended. An example is the change from English "Calcutta" to English "Kolkata" - the local Bengali name (?????? Kôlkata) did not change. Such changes in English spelling may be in order to better reflect a more accurate phonetic transliteration of the local name, or may be for other reasons. In the early years after Indian independence, many name changes were effected in northern India for English spellings of Hindi place names that had simply been romanised inconsistently by the British administration - such as the British spelling "Jubbulpore," renamed "Jabalpur" (??????) among the first changes in 1947. These changes did not generate significant controversy. More recent and high-profile changes - including renaming such major cities as Calcutta to Kolkata - have generated greater controversy. Since independence, such changes have typically been enacted officially by legislation at local or national Indian government level, and may or may not then be adopted by the Indian media, particularly the influential Indian press. In the case of smaller towns and districts which were less notable outside and inside India, and where a well known English name (or exonym) could not be said to exist, older spellings used under British India may not have had any specific legislation other than changes in practice on the romanisation of indigenous Indian language names.
Realignment of the official Indian English name to an alternative local name
Aside from changes to the official English spellings of local names there have also been renaming proposals to realign the official name, hence the English name with an alternative local name. Ethnically sensitive examples include the proposals by the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990, 2001) to rename Ahmedabad to Karnavati and Allahabad to Prayag. These two proposals are changes from the Muslim (or Mughal) name to a Hindu native name. These can be represented as a change from Urdu language to Hindi language, but since the two languages are variants of Hindustani the proposal is effectively a cultural and ethno-religious proposal rather than a linguistic one.
Adoption of name changes in India and overseas
Official name changes take place quickly if not immediately in official government sources. Adoption may be slower among the media in India and abroad, and among Indian authors.
Important examples
States
- Travancore-Cochin -> Kerala (1 November 1956).
- Madhya Bharat -> Madhya Pradesh (1 November 1959)
- Madras State -> Tamil Nadu (14 January 1969)
- Mysore State -> Karnataka (1 November 1973)
- Uttaranchal -> Uttarakhand (1 January 2007)
- Orissa -> Odisha (4 November 2011)
Cities
Notable city names that were officially changed by legislation after independence include:
- Jabalpur (Hindi: ??????), from Jubbulpore, respelled in 1947
- Jajmau (Hindi: ?????), from Jajesmow, respelled in 1948
- Kanpur (Hindi: ??????), from Cawnpore, respelled in 1948
- Vadodara (Gujarati: ??????), from Baroda, respelled in 1974
- Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: ?????????????), from Trivandrum, respelled in 1991
- Mumbai (Marathi: ?????), from Bombay, renamed in 1995
- Kochi (Malayalam: ??????), from Cochin, respelled in 1996
- Chennai (Tamil: ??????), from Madras, renamed in 1996
- Kolkata (Bengali: ??????), from Calcutta, respelled in 2001
- Kadapa (Telugu: ???), from Cuddapah, respelled in 2005
- Puducherry (Tamil: ??????????), from Pondicherry, renamed in 2006
- Bengaluru (Kannada: ????????), from Bangalore, respelled in 2007
- Belagavi from Belgaum in 2014
- Tumakuru from Tumkur in 2014
- Hubballi from Hubli in 2014
- Shivamogga from Shimoga in 2014
- Hosapete from Hospet in 2014
- Mysuru from Mysore in 2014
- Kalaburagi from Gulbarga in 2014
- Chikkamagaluru from Chikmagalur
- Vijapura from Bijapur in 2014
- Ballari from Bellary in 2014
- Mangaluru from Mangalore in 2014
- Rajahmahendravaram from Rajahmundry in 2015
- Gurugram from Gurgaon in 2016
For others, by state order, see list of renamed Indian cities and states.
- Alappuzha, from Alleppey
- Guwahati (Assamese: ????????), from Gauhati
- Indore, from Indhur
- Kanchipuram from K?ñci-pura And Conjevaram
- Kannur, from Cannanore
- Kollam, from Quilon
- Koyilandy, from Quilandi
- Kozhikode, from Calicut
- Kumbakonam from ancient name Kudanthai
- Mayiladuthurai from Mayavaram ancient name Mayuram
- Narmada, from Nerbudda
- Nagaon (Assamese: ?????), from Nowgong
- Palakkad, from Palghat
- Panaji, from Panjim
- Pune, from Poona
- Ramanathapuram, from Ramnad
- Sagar, from Saugor
- Shimla, from Simla
- Thalassery, from Tellicherry
- Thanjavur, from ancient name Tanjore
- Thoothukudi, from Tuticorin
- Thrissur, from Trichur
- Tindivanam, from Tinthirivanam
- Tiruchirapalli, from Trichinopoly and its short form Trichy
- Tirunelveli, from Tinnevelly
- Tiruvallikeni, from Triplicane
- Udhagamandalam, from Ootacamund and its short form Ooty
- Viluppuram, from Vizhupparaiyar And Vizhimaa Nagaram
- Varanasi, from Benares
- Vatakara, from Badagara
- Virudhachalam, from Vriddhachalam ancient name Thirumudhukundram
- Vijayawada, from Bejawada
- Visakhapatnam, from Waltair, and before that Vizagapatnam and its short form Vizag
Town names that derive from ancient names:
- Mandi, derived from Mandav Nagar
- Nellore, in ancient times Simhapuri
Proposed changes
Several other changes have been proposed for states and towns.
States and Union territories
- Goa to Govapuri
- Kerala to Keralam
- Nagaland to Naganchi
- West Bengal to Bengal
Towns
- Ahmedabad to Karnavati
- Allahabad to Prayagraj
- Aurangabad to Sambhajinagar
- Bhopal to Bhojpal
- Hyderabad to Bhagyanagar
- Mahabubabad to Manukota
- Mahbubnagar to Palamuru
Need for unification of spelling
India has various local languages. Even (Romanised) English spellings in long and wide use often vary depending upon which government department or agency uses them. To the point, a few examples are Quilandy vs. Koyilandy, Canannore vs. Kannur, and Rangiya vs. Rangia. Different departments of the government may have used official spellings in use at the time, while locations associated with Indian railways mostly maintained British-era spellings. The confusion inherent in such variations has often resulted in serious consequences like people having two "different" addresses (theoretically designating the same place) in their official records leading to legal disputes, or one house having residents of different house addresses due to differing place names. Many people argue that such confusion can lead to indeterminate and/or unintended consequences
See also
- List of renamed Indian cities and states
- Renaming in South Africa
References
External links
- Renaming roads: A 'meaningless' exercise
- 12 Cities in Karnataka get a name change
- India's Bangalore in name change
- Shashi Tharror: Becoming Bengaloorued
Source of article : Wikipedia
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